Intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may lead to the development of preoperative pressure ulcers include:

The development of preoperative pressure ulcers can be significantly influenced by exaggerated positions during surgical procedures. When a patient is positioned in a way that places excessive pressure on specific body areas, particularly bony prominences, the risk of skin breakdown and subsequent pressure ulcers increases. This risk is compounded by the duration of the surgical procedure and the patient's specific health characteristics, such as mobility and overall skin integrity.

While factors like the length of the surgical procedure and the age of the patient play roles in the overall risk of pressure ulcer development, they are not as directly linked to the mechanism of pressure application as the positioning of the patient. Likewise, the choice of anesthesia can affect a patient's response during surgery but does not inherently influence the physical positioning that leads to pressure ulcers. Therefore, the correct answer focuses on the critical aspect of positioning and its immediate impact on skin integrity and pressure ulcer formation.